Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need. B an aroused tension state that is often triggered by a physiological need. When the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drivereduction theory. Hence, it is fitting that we start with homeostasis and drive. Describe classic research findings in specific motivations.
Homeostasis is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal. It is based around the theory that the body is constantly working to maintain a state of homeostasis, or a balanced state of equilibrium. Theoriesof motivation content theories of work motivation. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behaviour of an individual. These neurons then produce an integrated response to bring the drive back to its optimal level. The theory was created by behaviorist clark hull and further developed by his collaborator kenneth spence. Because of the disturbance in the organisms level of homeostasis, there is a development of a drive to fulfill that specific need to bring the individual out of its discomfort. Bolles, 1972 and for adaptive behavior that anticipates homeostatic deficits before they occur. A theory of human motivation 371 must deal with the problem of levels of specificity or generalization of the motives to be classified. Drive reduction theories of motivation suggest that people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a constant physiological state. Classifications of motivations must be based upon goals rather than upon instigating drives or motivated behavior.
Drive reduction theory drive reduction theories of motivation suggest that people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a constant physiological state. Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. Hulls attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. Theorists such as clark hull and kenneth spence suggest that drive reduction is a major cause of learning and. The content theories of work motivation attempt to determine what it is that motivates the people at work.
The drive reduction theory of motivation became popular during the 1940s and 1950s as a way to explain behavior, learning, and motivation. The drive reduction theory is based on the theory of homeostasis keeping an internal balance. This need to restore balance drives people to perform actions that will return the body to its ideal state. We will later consider more general nonlinear mappings in terms of classical utility theory. The physiological and psychological state of being active and alert, as reflected by factors like heart rate, muscle tone, brain activity, and blood pressure. Another way to think about motivation is through thr constructs of drive and need. Hulls theory was called a drive reduction theory of motivation. The idea of homeostasis is central to drive reduction theories. Theories of motivation theory definition advantages. Process theories like skinners reinforcement theory, victor vrooms expectancy theory, adams equity theory, and lockes goalsetting theory set out to explain how motivation occurs and how our motives change over time. Which of the following are examples of a need, according to drive reduction theory.
Theories of motivation an attempt is made in this chapter to bring a theoretical base for motivation. For example, people eat in order to reduce their need for food. The reason is because we all want to be successful, we all want direction and drive, and we all want to be seen as motivated. According to drive reduction theory, humans are motivated to satisfy physiological needs in order to maintain homeostasis. Assumptions of the drivereduction theory of motivation. Thirstiness physiological need creates tension state drive which motivates you to get water. In psych terms we attempt to describe and define potentially confusing psychological terms while illustrating examples to best visualize it. According to the drive theory of motivation, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951.
Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation. The content theories are concerned with identifyingneeds drives that the people have and howtheseneeds and drives are prioritized. Desire to maintain homeostasis constant, balanced internal state pushed by needs, pulled by incentives environmental stimuli that motivate behavior. Learning theorists have taken a somewhat more global perspective when studying motivation than researchers using the biological approach. Hull took ideas from a number of theories that were being promoted at the time, including components of darwinism. Responses should explain that a physiological need creates a psychological drive of hunger that affects eating behavior. The failure of various theories of homeostatic drive, intervening variables and drive reduction to explain real motivation coupled with the realization of centrality of pleasure for understanding motivation, led to the development of incentive motivation concepts during the 1970s and 1980s.
Many psychologists believed that all motivation depended upon. The behavioristic approach examines how motives are learned and how internal drives and external goals interact with learning to produce behaviour. A need is a physical deprivation, whereas a drive is an aroused state that occurs in response to the need. He would then create the drive reduction theory of motivation around the idea of homeostasis. The purpose of biological drives is to correct disturbances of homeostasis.
The drivereduction theory talks about an organisms reaction in an event where his physical needs are challenged and unstable. Drive reduction and cognitive theories mcat khan academy duration. Aron ralston cut off own arm while trapped in canyon 127. Clark hull rested the first theory of motivation, the drive reduction theory. Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a state of physiological equilibrium. According to the theory, the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies. Homeostatic reinforcement learning for integrating reward.
It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. Motivation motivation behavioristic approaches to motivation. Compare and contrast motivational theories, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology.
Theories about motivation introduction to psychology. Hull believed that when a need occurred again, the animal would repeat a behavior that reduced the drive on a previous occasion. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis. A theory stating that imbalances to your bodys internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis. The homeostatic theory would hold that the regulation of eating behavior requires a body weight setpoint from which hunger would be triggered. There are many competing theories, which attempt to explain the nature of motivation. There are several distinct theories of motivation we will discuss in this section.
Pdf on jan 1, 20, rex a wright and others published motivation find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. For instance, when you are dehydrated, freezing cold. Hull 8, spence, and mowrer have proposed the drive reduction theory of motivation. A reinforcement learning theory for homeostatic regulation mehdi keramati group for neural theory, lnc, ens.
The most wellknown process theory of motivation is the reinforcement theory, which focused on. In this video we describe the drive reduction theory. In practice, these concepts have usually been combined into one. Unsatisfied drives are detected by neurons concentrated in the hypothalamus in the brain. Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as a a rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species. Mogenson and phillips 1976 pointed out that any contemporary analysis of motivation must account for behavior based on the expectation of reward incentive motivation. Hull believed that motivation had a lot to do with learning. Drive reduction theory attempts to explain motivation by implicating human bodily needs. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory for motivation in the behaviorist tradition. When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis and relaxation. Drive reduction theory a popular theory of the 1940s and 1950s that attributed behavior to the desire to reduce tension produced by primary biological or secondary acquired drives. One prominent theory of human motivation, known as drive reduction theory, suggests that homeostatic imbalances create needs.
If your body wants something, that want is the drive. Drive reduction theory physiological need an aroused tension state a drive motivates an organism to satisfy the need. According to drivereduction theory, the body is motivated to engage in whatever behavior is necessary to fulfill an unsatisfied drive. These theories are all, at least, partially true, and all help to explain the behavior of certain people at certain times. Drive reduction theory of motivation can be simply described as you dont want to be hungry, thirsty, in pain, or horny. According to the theory, drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat. An early theory of motivation proposed that the maintenance of homeostasis is particularly important in directing behavior. How the drive reduction theory of motivation came about. Note that for the simple case of m n 1, the drive function reduces to euclidian distance. A theory of human motivation college of the canyons. A drive is an aroused state that occurs because of physiological need. Behavior not always motivated internally motivation theories people are motivated to do things because of external rewards.
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